Case studies and best practices

Purpose and Importance

The integration of smart wearables in fitness programs specifically tailored for older adults serves multiple critical purposes, addressing both motivational and health-related challenges that this demographic faces.

Enhancing Motivation: One of the foremost challenges for older adults is maintaining a high level of motivation to engage in regular physical activity. Traditional fitness programs may not provide the immediate feedback or personalized insights necessary to sustain interest and commitment in this age group. Smart wearables, however, address this by offering immediate, tangible data that can significantly boost motivation. Features such as step counters, heart rate monitors, and calorie trackers allow users to visualize their progress and achievements in real-time. Seeing daily steps or calories burned transforms abstract goals into clear, achievable targets, reinforcing their efforts and encouraging them to remain active.

Personalization of Fitness Regimens: Older adults often require customized exercise programs that take into account their unique health statuses and physical capabilities. Wearable technology facilitates this level of personalization by continuously collecting health and activity data. Trainers can use these insights to adapt and modify fitness plans, ensuring that each exercise regimen aligns with the individual's health conditions and fitness goals. For instance, adjustments can be made for intensity, duration, or type of exercise based on biometric feedback, providing a safe yet challenging workout tailored to the user's needs.

Health Monitoring: Wearables play a crucial role in the ongoing health monitoring of older adults. Many devices now include features for tracking vital signs such as heart rate, blood oxygen levels, and even ECGs. This continuous monitoring capability is essential for early detection of potential health issues, allowing for timely interventions. For older adults who may have chronic conditions or are at risk of certain health events, this functionality ensures an added layer of safety during physical activities and in their everyday lives.

Bridging Communication with Healthcare Providers: The data collected from wearables can also be shared with healthcare providers, offering a comprehensive view of an older adult's activity levels and health status over time. This facilitates more informed discussions during healthcare consultations and aids in developing holistic care plans that integrate physical activity as a key component of health management.

Fostering Engagement Through Social Features: Many wearable devices come with social features that can help reduce feelings of isolation commonly experienced by older adults. By enabling connections with friends, family, or wellness communities through fitness challenges and shared progress updates, these devices not only promote social interaction but also create a sense of belonging and camaraderie. This social engagement can be a powerful motivator, especially when older adults participate in group activities or virtual communities guided by shared fitness goals.

Adaptation to Technological Advancements: Finally, embracing smart technology aligns with a broader societal shift towards digital literacy and technological engagement, which is increasingly important for older adults in staying connected to current trends. While bridging the digital divide remains a challenge, particularly due to learning complexities and initial resistance to new technologies, the gradual introduction and integration of wearables can empower older adults, enhancing their digital skills and confidence.

In conclusion, adopting smart wearables in older adults' fitness programs is pivotal not only for the immediate physical and health benefits they afford but also for facilitating a greater sense of empowerment, connectivity, and autonomy among users. These technologies represent a transformative tool for fostering an active, healthy, and engaged lifestyle in aging populations.

Objectives of the Chapter

This chapter aims to equip trainers and caregivers with comprehensive knowledge and practical strategies for effectively integrating smart wearables into fitness programs designed for older adults. It is structured around several key objectives:

• Demonstrating the Effectiveness of Wearable Technology: The chapter seeks to provide empirical evidence and narratives that underscore the positive impacts of wearable technology on physical activity and health outcomes among older adults. By presenting real-world case studies, it illustrates how wearable devices have successfully enhanced motivation, improved health tracking, and facilitated personalized exercise regimens.
• Sharing Practical Examples: A core objective is to offer practical, relatable examples through detailed case studies. These examples will serve as blueprints for trainers and coaches, showcasing diverse applications of wearable technology in various settings and highlighting what has proven effective in real-life scenarios.
• Providing Actionable Insights for Trainers: The chapter aims to deliver actionable insights that trainers can directly apply to their practice. This involves offering best practices for selecting suitable wearable devices, employing data insights to tailor fitness plans, and utilizing technology to boost engagement and adherence among older adults.
• Highlighting Success Stories and Best Practices: By illuminating success stories and best practices, the chapter will empower trainers to understand and replicate successful strategies in their own programs. It emphasizes the importance of adaptive learning and continuous innovation in employing technology to meet the evolving needs of older adults.

Background

This case study focuses on a group of older adults, aged 60 and above, enrolled in a community fitness program in Bilbao, within POSITIVE project, an AAL programme project, which aim was to launch a personalized platform assisting seniors in Healthy, fulfilled and active life. Initially, participants demonstrated low intrinsic motivation for regular exercise. Common challenges included a lack of immediate feedback and difficulty in setting and achieving personal fitness goals. Many participants also expressed feelings of isolation when performing activities alone, affecting their overall engagement.

Implementation

To address these barriers, the program integrated wearable technology, specifically selecting devices known for user-friendliness and robust motivational features. Devices like Garmin watches were introduced due to their intuitive interfaces and comprehensive tracking capabilities.

• Goal-Setting and Tracking: Participants received training on utilizing wearable features to set personalized fitness goals, such as daily steps or weekly exercise minutes. The devices provided real-time feedback, allowing users to monitor their progress throughout the day.
• Social Connectivity Features: To leverage social motivation, the program utilized the wearable's connectivity features to create a virtual community. Participants were encouraged to share their progress, join group challenges, and celebrate achievements through a shared platform, fostering a sense of community and support.
• Gamification Elements: The devices employed gamification strategies, such as badges for milestones and virtual rewards, to make the process of achieving fitness goals engaging and fun. This element of play significantly boosted motivation levels as participants became eager to "unlock" new achievements.

Outcomes

The program observed a notable increase in motivation and engagement among participants. Metrics indicated a 30% increase in the number of weekly exercise sessions completed per participant. Moreover, qualitative feedback revealed enhanced levels of satisfaction and enthusiasm, attributed mainly to the devices' feedback mechanisms and social features.

• Increased Exercise Adherence: Participants reported a heightened sense of accountability and motivation to adhere to exercise regimens, primarily due to the real-time progress tracking and ability to visualize advancements towards their goals.
• Positive Social Impact: The social connectivity features helped mitigate feelings of isolation. Participants found motivation in peer interactions, which reinforced their commitment to remain active. Testimonials suggested that the support and competition among peers provided an added motivational boost.
• Enhanced Self-Efficacy: The combination of goal achievement and social encouragement led to increased self-efficacy. Participants felt more confident and empowered to pursue physical activities independently, fostering long-term adherence to healthy habits.

Analysis

The integration of wearable technology was effective in overcoming initial motivation barriers by providing personalized, real-time insights and promoting social engagement. Several success factors emerged:

• User-friendly Design: The selection of easy-to-use devices minimized the technological learning curve, making it accessible for older adults, even those with minimal prior experience with technology.
• Inclusivity of Social Features: The creation of a supportive virtual community amplified motivation by engaging participants emotionally and socially.
• Personalized Goals and Feedback: Customizable features allowed participants to set realistic personal goals and adapt their fitness plans, contributing to sustained interest and motivation.

Challenges and Solutions

• Technological Resistance: Initial resistance was addressed through hands-on training sessions, ensuring participants were comfortable with device operation.
• Device Limitations: Ensuring devices were charged and operational was tackled by providing reminders and troubleshooting support during sessions.

Conclusions

This case study underscores the potential of wearable technology to transform fitness experiences for older adults by enhancing motivation through personalized feedback and social engagement. The success of such interventions holds promise for scaling similar programs across various demographics, promoting active ageing and improving overall well-being.

Background

In this case study, we focus on a community wellness program designed for older adults aged 65 and above, implemented at a local senior center in Gernika, Biscay, as pilot of the Erasmus+ Project, 6-0!. The primary goal was to leverage wearable technology to enhance health monitoring and create personalized exercise plans that adapt to the changing health profiles of participants to promote health through recreational football. Before the intervention, many older adults expressed concerns about managing chronic conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes, while navigating the physical activity recommendations provided by their healthcare providers.

Implementation

To address these challenges, participants were provided with smart wearables specifically chosen for their health-monitoring capabilities, such as the Fitbit Charge and Garmin smartwatches. These devices were equipped to continuously monitor vital health metrics, including heart rate, step count, blood pressure, sleep patterns, and even calorie expenditure.

• Initial Assessment: Upon enrollment in the program, each participant underwent a comprehensive health assessment by a trained fitness professional. This included a review of medical history, current physical capabilities, and individual fitness goals.
• Data Collection and Monitoring: The wearables collected health metrics in real-time, which were then synchronized with a dedicated mobile app accessible to participants and their trainers. This app provided an overview of daily activity, sleep quality, and vital sign fluctuations. Each week, health data was compiled and analyzed to ensure that exercise plans remained aligned with the participants' evolving health statuses.
• Dynamic Exercise Plans: Based on the data collected, individualized exercise plans were developed or adjusted bi-weekly or monthly. For example, if a participant's wearable indicated elevated heart rates during specific workouts, trainers would modify their exercise plans to incorporate lower-intensity activities, such as walking or aqua aerobics, instead of high-impact aerobics.
• Collaboration with Healthcare Professionals: The program fostered partnerships with local healthcare providers, who reviewed aggregated health data on a monthly basis. This collaborative approach allowed for updates to participants' exercise plans based on medical advice, ensuring that the activities aligned with both fitness goals and health needs.

Outcomes

The intervention led to significant positive outcomes in terms of health management, fitness engagement, and overall participant satisfaction:

• Health Monitoring and Early Intervention: Continuous monitoring allowed for immediate feedback on vital signs, enabling trainers and participants to address health concerns as they arose. For example, early indicators of irregular heartbeats prompted timely consultations with doctors, leading to adjustments in medication and activity levels.
• Increased Adherence to Exercise Routines: The adaptability of exercise plans based on real-time health data significantly improved participants' adherence rates. Over the course of the program, 90% of participants reported increased confidence in their ability to engage in physical activity regularly.
• Quantifiable Health Improvements: Notably, participants exhibited substantial improvements in key health indicators. Average resting heart rates decreased by 5-10 beats per minute, and more than 75% of participants reported better sleep quality after three months. Additionally, many participants experienced weight loss or improved blood glucose levels, contributing to better management of chronic conditions.
• Enhanced Self-Efficacy: Equipping participants with knowledge about their health metrics fostered greater self-efficacy. They reported feeling more empowered to manage their health through informed decision-making regarding physical activity and lifestyle choices.

Analysis

The case study illustrates the transformative impact of wearable technology in enhancing health monitoring and creating dynamically adjustable exercise plans. Key success factors included:

• Real-Time Feedback: The continuous collection of data allowed for timely adjustments to exercise routines, ensuring safety and efficacy. Participants could see how their efforts impacted their health, reinforcing their motivation.
• Personalization of Programs: The ability to adapt fitness plans based on individual health metrics meant that exercises were always aligned with participants' real needs, leading to greater satisfaction and engagement.
• Collaborative Care Model: The integration of insights from healthcare professionals ensured that exercise plans were safe and effective, decreasing the risk of health complications and increasing participants' trust in the program.

Challenges and Solutions

• Device Usability: Some initial resistance was observed among participants unfamiliar with technology. This was addressed through tailored training sessions that focused on the importance of health tracking and hands-on practice with the devices.
• Data Privacy Concerns: Ensuring data security was critical. The program instituted robust privacy measures and transparently communicated data usage policies to participants, which helped alleviate concerns and foster trust.

Conclusion

The findings from this case study highlight the potential of wearable technology to significantly enhance health monitoring and personalize exercise plans for older adults. By effectively capturing and utilizing health data to inform fitness programming, this approach not only improves adherence and engagement but also contributes to better health outcomes and quality of life. As healthcare moves towards integrated care models that emphasize preventative measures and patient empowerment, the role of wearables will be crucial in supporting older adults in their journey to active and healthy ageing. This case study serves as an important reference for fitness trainers, healthcare providers, and communities aiming to implement similar programs, showcasing how technology can be a powerful ally in promoting wellness in older populations.

As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, the critical lesson drawn from this case study is the emphasis on creating adaptive, data-driven strategies that cater to the unique needs of older adults. By successfully integrating wearable technology into fitness programs, not only can we improve the immediate health metrics of participants, but we also contribute to a broader cultural shift that recognizes the importance of physical activity and health literacy for active ageing. The insights garnered from this experience can guide future initiatives that seek to harness technology in the service of lifelong fitness and well-being for older adults.

The integration of smart wearables into fitness programs for older adults offers immense potential for enhancing physical activity, monitoring health metrics, and providing personalized feedback. However, successful implementation requires careful consideration and planning. This section outlines key best practices to maximize the effectiveness of wearable technology among older adults:

Selecting Appropriate Devices

User-Friendly Design: When choosing wearable devices, prioritize those designed with older adults in mind. Look for features such as:

• Large, readable displays: Ensure font sizes are large enough for easy viewing.
• Intuitive interfaces: Devices should have simple navigation to minimize technology-related anxiety.
• Durability: Select wearables that are waterproof or resistant to wear and tear, considering the active lifestyle of older adults.

Functionality Relevant to Senior Needs: Focus on devices that offer core functionalities such as:

• Health monitoring: Ensure the device tracks essential metrics like heart rate, step count, and other relevant health indicators.
• Emergency features: Include devices with SOS buttons or fall detection capabilities to enhance safety.

Compatibility and Integration: Opt for wearables that seamlessly integrate with smartphones and existing health apps. This facilitates easier data sharing and provides a coherent view of health metrics.

Initial Setup and Education

Comprehensive Onboarding: Conduct thorough onboarding sessions to familiarize participants with the devices’ functionalities. Include:

• Hands-On Training: Provide one-on-one training or small group workshops that allow participants to practice using the device in real-time.
• Visual Aids: Utilize instructional videos and easy-to-read manuals tailored for older adults to facilitate understanding.

Tech Support: Establish a support system for ongoing assistance. Consider:

• Dedicated staff or volunteers: Assign tech-savvy individuals to offer hands-on support during workout sessions.
• Troubleshooting resources: Create a resource list for common troubleshooting inquiries.

Goal-Setting and Personalization

Individualized Goal Setting: Work with participants to establish realistic, personalized fitness goals based on their health status and fitness levels. Consider:

• Collaborative goal creation: Encourage discussions of personal aspirations and preferences in physical activity. Use insights from health data to inform and motivate participants.
• SMART Goals: Focus on Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound goals to ensure clarity and attainability.

Data-Driven Adjustments: Utilize data collected from wearables to periodically review and adjust fitness goals and exercise plans. Highlight the importance of:

• Regular check-ins: Schedule sessions to discuss progress, analyze wearable data, and make necessary adjustments to ensure goals remain relevant and achievable.

Enhancing Engagement and Motivation

Gamification Elements: Incorporate gamification into fitness activities to bolster motivation. Tactics could include:

• Rewards and badges: Establish a system where participants earn rewards for reaching specific activity milestones. Celebrate achievements to foster a sense of accomplishment.
• Group challenges: Encourage friendly competition through team-based challenges that leverage social engagement.

Social Connectivity: Maximize the social aspects of wearable technology to combat feelings of isolation. Strategy examples include:

• Creating community groups: Utilize platforms associated with wearables to form activity groups that can share insights, create challenges, and motivate each other.
• Encouraging social sharing: Promote the use of wearables’ social features, where participants can publicly share achievements and progress, fostering accountability.

Monitoring Progress and Feedback

Real-Time Feedback: Leverage the real-time feedback capabilities of wearables:

• Daily metrics: Encourage participants to check their metrics regularly, emphasizing the relationship between physical activity and health improvements.
• Progress reports: Provide participants with regular updates on their progress toward goals to reinforce accountability and motivation.

Educational Workshops: Host periodic workshops to educate participants on interpreting their health data:

• Understanding metrics: Teach participants how to interpret what their data means for their health and fitness routines.
• Health literacy: Provide information on how different exercises impact various health metrics, thus empowering individuals to manage their workouts effectively.

Addressing Challenges and Concerns

Privacy and Security Education: Address concerns related to data privacy and security proactively:

• Transparent Data Policies: Clearly communicate how personal health data will be used and who will have access to it. Highlight the steps taken to protect their data.
• Regular Reminders: Periodically remind participants about the importance of personal data security, encouraging them to maintain their privacy settings.

Overcoming Technological Resistance: Be prepared to address hesitations and fears regarding technology:

• Empathy-Focused Training: Recognize that many older adults may feel intimidated by new technology. Approach training with patience and empathy, encouraging questions and discussions.
• Peer Support Systems: Create buddy systems where tech-savvy participants can support those less familiar with technology. This mentorship can help reduce anxiety around learning new tools, fostering a community of support that enhances learning experiences.

Continuous Improvement and Evaluation

Program Evaluation: Establish metrics to assess the effectiveness of the wearable integration program. Important considerations include:

• Feedback mechanisms: Regularly solicit participant feedback through surveys or interviews to understand their experiences and identify areas for improvement.
• Health outcome tracking: Monitor health metrics and participation rates over time to evaluate the program’s impact on improving health outcomes.

Adaptation Based on Evidence: Use the data collected from wearables not only for individual adjustments but for program-wide enhancements:

• Iterative improvements: Analyze aggregated data to spot trends, enabling program leaders to tailor offerings based on collective needs and successes.
• Incorporate new technology: Stay updated with advancements in wearable technology and continuously evaluate new options that may enhance the program.

Integrating smart wearables into fitness programs for older adults is a multifaceted approach requiring careful planning, education, and adaptation. By focusing on user-centered design, individualized support, motivation strategies, and continuous evaluation, trainers and program leaders can create a supportive environment that maximizes the benefits of wearable technology.

Through these best practices, older adults can gain not only immediate benefits in health and fitness but also develop a sense of empowerment and control over their well-being. The successful integration of wearables holds the promise of transforming the fitness landscape for older adults, fostering active ageing, and improving quality of life.

The integration of smart wearables into fitness programs for older adults is enhanced by selecting the right tools, apps, and resources. This section provides a detailed overview of recommended devices, applications, and supplemental resources that can help trainers optimize their programs and support participants effectively.

Recommended Wearable Devices

a. Smartwatches: Smartwatches are versatile tools that can monitor health and fitness metrics while offering additional functionalities.

• Apple Watch Series:
  • Features: This device is equipped with heart rate monitoring, ECG, blood oxygen level tracking, notifications, and customizable watch faces.
  • Benefits for Older Adults: The built-in fall detection feature alerts emergency services if a fall is detected, providing peace of mind. Additionally, its user-friendly interface and integration with health apps promote motivation and engagement.
• Garmin Series:
  • Features: Known for their accuracy in tracking distance, pace, and heart rate, these devices provide advanced metrics tailored for specific fitness activities.
  • Benefits for Older Adults: The intuitive data visualization helps users effortlessly monitor progress, and the navigation features support outdoor activities, encouraging more exploration and outdoor exercise.
• Fitbit Charge Series:
  • Features: Primarily focused on fitness tracking, Fitbit devices monitor steps, heart rate, sleep patterns, and provide guided breathing exercises for stress relief.
  • Benefits for Older Adults: Long battery life and easy-to-read displays make this device practical for everyday wear. Its community and challenges can further enhance motivation through social engagement.

b. Fitness Trackers: These devices are typically smaller and less expensive than smartwatches while still offering essential health metrics.

• Xiaomi Mi Band:
  • Features: This budget-friendly fitness tracker offers heart rate monitoring, sleep tracking, and step counting.
  • Benefits for Older Adults: It's lightweight design and long battery life make it a comfortable choice for continuous wear, fostering a consistent fitness routine.
• Letsfit Fitness Tracker:
  • Features: Letsfit provides vital health data, including heart rate, sleep quality, and consumption tracking.
  • Benefits for Older Adults: Known for its ease of use, this tracker encourages older adults to stay active without overwhelming them with complex data.

Recommended Apps for Enhancing Fitness

a. Wearable-Specific Apps: Several mobile applications are tailored to work seamlessly with specific wearable devices to collect, analyze, and enhance fitness and health data.

• Apple Health
  • Features: Collects data from various health-related apps and wearables, allowing users to view health metrics in one centralized location.
  • Benefits for Older Adults: The summary of key metrics helps individuals track their overall wellness trends, making informed decisions about their exercise plans.
• Fitbit App
  • Features: The Fitbit app syncs with Fitbit devices to provide insights into activity levels, sleep quality, and provides guided workouts.
  • Benefits for Older Adults: The app’s user-friendly interface includes social features that can help foster community engagement through challenges and leaderboards.
• Garmin Connect
  • Features: This app not only connects with Garmin devices but also allows users to create custom workouts and track performance metrics.
  • Benefits for Older Adults: It features robust visualizations of health data, simplifying the interpretation of trends to correlate activities with fitness levels.

b. General Health and Wellness Apps: These apps can complement information gathered from wearables, offering routines, guidance, and educational resources.

• MyFitnessPal
  • Features: A comprehensive food diary that allows users to track caloric intake and monitor nutrition.
  • Benefits for Older Adults: Emphasizes healthy eating habits, which are crucial for managing health conditions common in older adults, such as diabetes and hypertension.
• Headspace / Calm
  • Features: These mindfulness and meditation apps provide guided sessions focused on stress reduction and mental well-being.
  • Benefits for Older Adults: Incorporating mental health management can enhance overall wellness, making it a valuable supplement to physical fitness efforts.
• Silver Sneakers Go
  • Features: Offers a variety of on-demand fitness classes tailored specifically for seniors, focusing on low-impact exercises.
  • Benefits for Older Adults: Provides participants with engaging workout options that can be performed at home, increasing accessibility and adherence to exercise plans.

Integrating the right tools, apps, and resources into fitness programs for older adults using smart wearables is vital to fostering health and wellness in this demographic. The recommended devices should emphasize usability, safety features, and relevant health metrics, thereby enhancing overall program engagement.

Complementing these wearables with user-friendly apps can significantly motivate participants by providing accessible data tracking and community engagement. Furthermore, continuous education and support for trainers and older adults will ensure that technology enhances rather than complicates the fitness journey.

By leveraging these recommended tools and resources, trainers can create a comprehensive fitness experience that is not only effective but also supportive of the unique needs and challenges faced by older adults. This holistic approach ensures that participants are empowered to take charge of their health and engage in meaningful physical activities, ultimately leading to healthier, more active ageing.

The integration of smart wearables into fitness programs for older adults represents a transformative approach to promoting active ageing and enhancing overall well-being. As we reflect on the key insights derived from this exploration, it is evident that the effective use of wearable technology can address the unique challenges faced by older populations while empowering them to take charge of their health.

• Importance of Smart Wearables in Fitness Programs: The compelling significance of adopting smart wearables lies in their ability to provide real-time feedback, facilitate personalized health monitoring, and foster engagement. These devices help overcome common barriers to physical activity among older adults, such as motivation deficits and monitoring difficulties. By bridging the gap between health metrics and personal fitness, wearables offer a pathway for seniors to understand their bodies better and make informed decisions that promote longevity and vitality.
• Enhancing Motivation with Wearable Technology: The case study emphasizing motivation revealed that wearables can effectively invigorate older adults' enthusiasm for physical activity. Through features such as goal tracking and community engagement, wearables transform abstract fitness aspirations into tangible achievements. The advent of gamification—like challenges and rewards—facilitates a playful yet purposeful approach to fitness, thereby cultivating a supportive community atmosphere. This psycho-social dynamic not only enhances motivation but also combats feelings of isolation, which can be detrimental to older adults.
• Monitoring Health Metrics and Adjusting Exercise Plans: The second case study focused on the importance of health monitoring, demonstrating that continuous data collection can empower participants to engage in personalized exercise regimens tailored to their evolving health statuses. By facilitating real-time tracking of vital signs and offering opportunities for data-driven adjustments, wearable technology revolutionizes how trainers and older adults collaborate to create and modify fitness plans. This proactive approach to health management allows for early detection of potential issues, leading to timely interventions, improved health outcomes, and increased adherence to exercise routines.
• Best Practices for Integration: The effective integration of wearables hinges on a set of best practices tailored to the needs of older adults. Selecting user-friendly devices, ensuring comprehensive onboarding, setting individualized goals, enhancing engagement through gamification, and providing robust monitoring systems are critical components. Moreover, fostering a supportive environment that addresses technological resistance and data privacy concerns is paramount. Continuous education and adaptation enable trainers and facilitators to leverage the power of wearables effectively, ensuring that participants feel confident and empowered in their health journeys.
• Recommended Tools, Apps, and Resources: The identification of appropriate tools, apps, and resources further enriches the discussion around optimizing wearables in fitness programs. By selecting wearable devices that prioritize accessibility and essential health monitoring features, trainers can provide seniors with the practical tools necessary to enhance their wellness. The integration of user-centric apps and comprehensive educational resources equips older adults with the knowledge to navigate their fitness and health more effectively, ultimately fostering a sense of agency in their lifestyles.

AAL Programme. (n.d.). POSITIVE Project: AAL-funded personalized platform for active ageing. Retrieved from https://www.aal-europe.eu

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Fitbit. (n.d.). Fitbit Charge Series: Fitness trackers with advanced health monitoring features. Retrieved from https://www.fitbit.com

Garmin Ltd. (n.d.). Garmin Connect: Fitness tracking and personalized workout plans. Retrieved from https://www.garmin.com

Headspace Inc. (n.d.). Headspace: Meditation and mindfulness for a healthy mind. Retrieved from https://www.headspace.com

MyFitnessPal Inc. (n.d.). MyFitnessPal: Fitness and nutrition tracking app. Retrieved from https://www.myfitnesspal.com

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